# MLCC Dielectric Powders Source: https://powdchem.com/products/ceramic-powders/mlcc-dielectric-powders/ Page type: Material category Powder materials Barium titanate (BTO) base powders and formulated dielectrics for multilayer ceramic capacitor (MLCC) development. Source against your composition, particle and process requirements. [Browse 13 sourcing directions]() [Ask about supply]() [Image: Ceramic powder in a glass dish beside small chip capacitors]() ## Base powder or a formulated dielectric? The first choice is how much formulation work you want the powder supplier to have done. Diagram: MLCC cross-section: ceramic dielectric separates alternating electrodes connected to opposite end terminals Inside a multilayer ceramic capacitor ### Powder becomes the dielectric layer. **A Ceramic dielectric:** The fired ceramic separates adjacent internal electrodes. **B Internal electrodes:** Alternating layers connect to opposite ends. **C External terminals:** Two terminations connect the capacitor to the circuit. Schematic, not to scale. Chemistry, electrode system and firing conditions must work together. [01 Choose the chemistryBase powdersBaTiO₃ / BTO, titanates and zirconates for your own formulation. 6 base chemistries]() [02 Specify the preparation routeRoute-specific BTOHydrothermal or solid-state BaTiO₃ requests with particle and composition requirements. 2 BTO routes]() [03 Start from a device targetFormulated dielectricsX5R, X7R, X8R, C0G/NP0 or Y5V targets, evaluated in your capacitor process. 5 formulation targets]() ## What the temperature codes mean These codes describe capacitor temperature characteristics. They help define a dielectric-powder request; the powder must still be evaluated in your device process. Temperature-characteristic targets for MLCC development | Target | Temperature range | Capacitance change with temperature | Selection point | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | X5R | −55 to +85 °C | ±15% | For an 85 °C upper-temperature target. Check effective capacitance at the working voltage and after aging.[Discuss X5R]() | | X7R | −55 to +125 °C | ±15% | For a 125 °C upper-temperature target. Keep the electrode, firing process and layer thickness with the evaluation.[Discuss X7R]() | | X8R | −55 to +150 °C | ±15% | For a 150 °C upper-temperature target. Include high-temperature loss, insulation and reliability requirements.[Discuss X8R]() | | C0G / NP0 | −55 to +125 °C* | 0 ±30 ppm/°C | For temperature stability and low-loss evaluation. Specify the intended capacitance and geometry.[Discuss C0G / NP0]() | | Y5V | −30 to +85 °C | +22% / −82% | Allows much wider temperature-related change. Check that the device still meets its minimum capacitance requirement.[Discuss Y5V]() | *The common C0G/NP0 reference is shown here; some manufacturers use an extended NP0 range. Confirm the exact grade designation. These figures exclude DC-bias and aging effects and are not powder acceptance limits. Different buying tasks need different data | Buying task | First comparison | Before sample evaluation | | --- | --- | --- | | BTO or another base powder | Ba/Ti or other composition ratio, phase, primary size versus agglomerate distribution, BET and critical impurities. | Preparation route, additives already present, moisture and the composition your process will add. | | Formulated dielectric powder | Target characteristic, electrode system (for example Ni or a precious-metal system), recommended firing atmosphere/profile and layer thickness. | Dielectric constant, loss, insulation resistance, breakdown and DC-bias/aging data with specimen geometry and test conditions. | ## Browse MLCC powder groups Choose a base chemistry, a BTO preparation route or a formulated dielectric target. ### Base dielectric chemistries Choose the chemical system if you formulate the dielectric yourself. BaTiO3 (BTO), SrTiO3 (STO), calcium titanate and the zirconate systems remain separate requests. For BZT, include the Ti/Zr ratio. #### MLCC barium titanate base powder Particle distribution, Ba/Ti ratio, phase and critical impurities. [Ask about this material]() BaTiO3 / BTO #### Strontium titanate dielectric powder Composition, particle profile and proposed role in the formulation. [Ask about this material]() SrTiO3 / STO #### Calcium titanate dielectric powder Composition, phase, particle profile and proposed formulation role. [Ask about this material]() CaTiO3 #### Calcium zirconate dielectric powder Particle profile, phase and intended dielectric/electrode-additive role. [Ask about this material]() CaZrO3 #### Strontium zirconate powder Identity, phase, particle profile and intended formulation role. [Ask about this material]() SrZrO3 #### Barium zirconate titanate powder Ti/Zr ratio, phase, particle profile and intended dielectric study. [Ask about this material]() Ba(Ti1-xZrx)O3 / BZT; x is grade-specific ### Route-specific barium titanate Use these directions when the BTO preparation route is part of your requirement. For hydrothermal material, compare primary and agglomerate sizes and crystallinity. For solid-state material, include milling contamination and particle distribution. #### Hydrothermal barium titanate powder Hydrothermal route, primary versus agglomerate size and crystallinity. [Ask about this material]() BaTiO3 #### Solid-state barium titanate powder Solid-state route, milling contamination and particle distribution. [Ask about this material]() BaTiO3 ### Formulated dielectric targets Choose this group when you need a formulated dielectric rather than a base chemical. X5R, X7R, X8R, C0G/NP0 and Y5V describe capacitor temperature characteristics. A candidate powder needs evaluation with your electrode system, firing atmosphere and test conditions. #### X5R-type MLCC dielectric powder Target characteristic, electrode system, firing atmosphere and evaluation method. [Ask about this material]() Grade-specific formulation #### X7R-type MLCC dielectric powder Target characteristic, layer/process requirements and comparable test conditions. [Ask about this material]() Grade-specific formulation #### X8R-type MLCC dielectric powder Target temperature characteristic, firing route and reliability evaluation brief. [Ask about this material]() Grade-specific formulation #### C0G/NP0-type MLCC dielectric powder Low-loss and temperature-characteristic targets with measurement conditions. [Ask about this material]() Grade-specific formulation #### Y5V-type MLCC dielectric powder Target characteristic and intended process; compare with the complete cost brief. [Ask about this material]() Grade-specific formulation ### Rare-earth additive requirements For an additive request, specify the exact oxide, intended role and impurity basis. The appropriate addition and electronic-grade requirements belong to the formulation and evaluation brief. [Neodymium oxide powder (Nd2O3)]() [Gadolinium oxide powder (Gd2O3)]() [Dysprosium oxide powder (Dy2O3)]() [Holmium oxide powder (Ho2O3)]() [Yttrium oxide powder (Y2O3)]() ## Questions before sampling **Do I need a base powder or a formulated dielectric?** Start with a base powder when you have your own composition and additive requirements. For a formulated dielectric, send the target characteristic or reference grade together with the electrode and firing process. We can then check which candidate grades have suitable supporting data. **What if I only know X7R or C0G/NP0?** Send that target and the process information you have. The temperature-characteristic label starts the discussion; the candidate composition, layer requirements and evaluation conditions still need to be agreed. **How should I compare two BTO candidates?** Compare Ba/Ti ratio, phase, critical impurities and particle distribution. Distinguish primary particle size from agglomerate size, and record the preparation route if it is a requirement. ## What to include in your request A material name or reference datasheet is enough to start. Add any requirements you already know. - Base powder or formulated dielectric requirement - Target characteristic and electrode system - Particle distribution, phase and impurity limits - Firing atmosphere, evaluation plan and requested quantity ### Quantity, samples and documents Nike has no fixed minimum order. Tell us the quantity you need; we’ll check supplier pack sizes and any minimums. We’ll check the proposed grade, sample options, delivery timing and available batch documents. Include any essential COA, TDS or SDS requirements. [How we coordinate documents]() [Samples and testing]() [Send a material request]() ## Related materials and services [**Electronic & Functional Ceramics**17 material directions]() [**Rare-Earth Oxides**16 material directions]() [**Rare-Earth Compound Powders**9 sourcing directions]() [**Quality & Documentation**]() [**Samples & Testing Coordination**]()